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Luo","content":[{"type":"p","children":[{"text":""},{"type":"a","href":"https://www.nfctogo.com/article/%E9%82%A3%E9%BA%BC%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E4%BE%86%E7%B4%B0%E8%AA%AAnfc-tag_64dc0fd1506d135554cf6870/","children":[{"text":"之前說過","lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16}]},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"，NFC標籤有三個組成的要件："},{"text":"標籤晶片","fontWeight":"bolder","lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16},{"text":"、","lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16},{"text":"天線尺寸","fontWeight":"bolder","lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16},{"text":"，以及","lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16},{"text":"外型樣式。","fontWeight":"bolder","lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"如果我們的應用，大都會以NFC手機來作為讀寫器(ReWriter)，那麼NFC標籤的天線尺寸，應該要是大於直徑25mm的圓形；而且最常會被設計成帶有背膠的貼紙型式。在這篇將針對標籤的晶片(Tag Chip)，來做一個介紹。"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":""}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"NFC協會目前制定了5種標準類型的標籤，正因為所使用的晶片有不同的通信協定，記憶體的結構與容量也有些許的差異；但是都必須能夠格式化成所謂的『NDEF紀錄型態』，才能被所有的NFC手機來使用。當然，也有一些機會，我們不會用到 NDEF，而是希望能完全掌控對 TAG晶片記憶體的存取、甚至於對記憶體的保護。大致而言，晶片記憶體區塊的開頭都是唯讀(R/O)的 UID，紀錄其廠家編號與生產流水號，此UID且要符合ISO規範，保證全世界唯一無重複編號(globally unique)。"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":""}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"通常在UID之後，是所謂的「記憶容量設定區塊 (Capability Container)」，為一次性寫入(OTP) 的連續4個位元組區塊；然後才是一連串可自由讀寫(R/W) EEROM型式的記憶空間。現在，以最常被使用、價格比較低廉的第2型標準晶片(TYPE2)，其剛出廠的空白TAG標籤為例，來看看其內的預設值。"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":""}]},{"type":"img","src":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 20-1703938887","children":[{"text":""}],"maxWidth":"100%","width":"100%"},{"type":"p","children":[{"text":""}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"雖然 TYPE2的標籤記憶體的大小，必須視其採用的晶片而有所不同，但其記憶體的結構是一樣的：由每4個位元組構成一個"},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"區塊","fontWeight":"bolder"},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"(BLOCK)或稱作"},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"頁","fontWeight":"bolder"},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"(PAGE)。 一般來說，系統記錄會佔掉最前面的4個區塊：前3個區塊( "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"0x00","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" - "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"0x02","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":")是用來存放由7個位元組所組成的唯一的序列碼(Unique ID Code，本例為：04:DA:BC:4A:37:3C:80)、檢查碼與2個位元組的記憶體讀寫控制碼(Lock Control byte: "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"LOCK0","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" - "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"LOCK1","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":")； 而第4個區塊("},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"0x03","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":")是NFC規範的記憶容量設定，標示之後用來存放NFC資料的記憶體空間大小。以本例中採用的NXP NTAG213晶片，其內容是：E1:10:12:00，前兩個位元組是代表採用NFC Forum標準，版本編號為1.0。之後的12h表示記憶體容量為18x8=144個位元組；最後的00h表示記憶體可以自由讀寫。"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"text":""},{"type":"a","href":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 20-1703939800","children":[{"text":""},{"type":"a","href":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 20-1703941261","children":[{"text":""},{"type":"img","src":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 20-1703941261","children":[{"text":""}],"maxWidth":"100%","width":"100%","hypeLinkUrl":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 20-1703941261"},{"text":""}]},{"text":""}]},{"text":""}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"text":""},{"type":"a","href":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 20-1703939800","children":[{"text":""}]},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"我們要注意是自第5個區塊("},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"0x04","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":")之後的記憶體，就開始用來存放符合NFC協會規範的控制資料區塊 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"。 首先第一個位元組是的內容[01h]，正表示是 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"Lock Control TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 的開始，其後為 [03h] 表示此 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 含3個位元組的資料，其內容為 [A0h, 0Ch, 34h] 標示延伸記憶體的讀寫控制位元組所在位置與大小。 "}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":""}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"接著 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"Lock Control TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 之後是[03h]，就是 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"NDEF訊息TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 的類型碼，其長度看下一個位元組是[00h]，這就表示此 TAG的 NDEF訊息長度是0；也就是空白沒有任何記錄。 所以，"},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"NDEF訊息TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 就到此為止。 接著是[FEh]，這就是 NFC規範資料的結尾標示；也就是所謂的 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"Terminator TLV","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"。 ㄧ般的NFC讀寫裝置在處理NFC訊息就會到此結束，也正意味其訊息的長度是根據內容本身而異，並沒有固定的長度。如果你對NDEF訊息的編寫開始感到興趣，可以從"},{"type":"a","href":"https://www.nfctogo.com/article/ndef%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5nfc%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%BB%E6%84%8F%E9%96%80-%E4%B9%8B-1_64d44a002d67df3b974e6bc2/","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"此篇"}]},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"繼續深入了解。"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":""}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"既然NDEF的紀錄長度不依，所以在此之後剩餘的記憶體是可以再加以使用的。只不過現在的NFC手機，只能對NDEF的紀錄做自動解析，除此之外就必須使用特定的傳收指令(Transceive Command)來做存取。舉個例子，如果要讀取第10頁的資料，就必須下達 [30h, 0Ah]，當TAG接收到指令後，就會一次回傳自第10頁開始的16個位元組共4頁的資料(參考下圖的 READ指令)。如果你對此有興趣，可以"},{"type":"a","href":"https://www.nfctogo.com/article/nfc-re-writer-%E6%9C%80%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%9B%E5%BF%83%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8app_64d05514d6ee6802b7eb851c/","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"下載 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"NFC ReWriter","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 這個APP"}]},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"，在 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"NFC TOOLKIT","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 中可以使用 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"NfcA","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 的 "},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":"Custom Transceive","code":true},{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":" 來存取 TYPE2的 NFC標籤喔。"}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"text":""},{"type":"a","href":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 21-1703941228","children":[{"lineHeight":1.8,"fontSize":16,"text":""},{"type":"img","src":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 21-1703941228","children":[{"text":""}],"maxWidth":"100%","width":"100%","hypeLinkUrl":"https://nfctogo-revtel2-com-prod.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/截圖 2023-12-30 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之前說過，NFC標籤有三個組成的要件：標籤晶片、天線尺寸，以及外型樣式。如果我們的應用，大都會以NFC手機來作為讀寫器(ReWriter)，那麼NFC標籤的天線尺寸，應該要是大於直徑25mm的圓形；而且最常會被設計成帶有背膠的貼紙型式。在這篇將針對標籤的晶片(Tag Chip)，來做一個介紹。

NFC協會目前制定了5種標準類型的標籤，正因為所使用的晶片有不同的通信協定，記憶體的結構與容量也有些許的差異；但是都必須能夠格式化成所謂的『NDEF紀錄型態』，才能被所有的NFC手機來使用。當然，也有一些機會，我們不會用到 NDEF，而是希望能完全掌控對 TAG晶片記憶體的存取、甚至於對記憶體的保護。大致而言，晶片記憶體區塊的開頭都是唯讀(R/O)的 UID，紀錄其廠家編號與生產流水號，此UID且要符合ISO規範，保證全世界唯一無重複編號(globally unique)。

通常在UID之後，是所謂的「記憶容量設定區塊 (Capability Container)」，為一次性寫入(OTP) 的連續4個位元組區塊；然後才是一連串可自由讀寫(R/W) EEROM型式的記憶空間。現在，以最常被使用、價格比較低廉的第2型標準晶片(TYPE2)，其剛出廠的空白TAG標籤為例，來看看其內的預設值。

\"article

雖然 TYPE2的標籤記憶體的大小，必須視其採用的晶片而有所不同，但其記憶體的結構是一樣的：由每4個位元組構成一個區塊(BLOCK)或稱作頁(PAGE)。 一般來說，系統記錄會佔掉最前面的4個區塊：前3個區塊( 0x00 - 0x02)是用來存放由7個位元組所組成的唯一的序列碼(Unique ID Code，本例為：04:DA:BC:4A:37:3C:80)、檢查碼與2個位元組的記憶體讀寫控制碼(Lock Control byte: LOCK0 - LOCK1)； 而第4個區塊(0x03)是NFC規範的記憶容量設定，標示之後用來存放NFC資料的記憶體空間大小。以本例中採用的NXP NTAG213晶片，其內容是：E1:10:12:00，前兩個位元組是代表採用NFC Forum標準，版本編號為1.0。之後的12h表示記憶體容量為18x8=144個位元組；最後的00h表示記憶體可以自由讀寫。

\"article

我們要注意是自第5個區塊(0x04)之後的記憶體，就開始用來存放符合NFC協會規範的控制資料區塊 TLV。 首先第一個位元組是的內容[01h]，正表示是 Lock Control TLV 的開始，其後為 [03h] 表示此 TLV 含3個位元組的資料，其內容為 [A0h, 0Ch, 34h] 標示延伸記憶體的讀寫控制位元組所在位置與大小。

接著 Lock Control TLV 之後是[03h]，就是 NDEF訊息TLV 的類型碼，其長度看下一個位元組是[00h]，這就表示此 TAG的 NDEF訊息長度是0；也就是空白沒有任何記錄。 所以，NDEF訊息TLV 就到此為止。 接著是[FEh]，這就是 NFC規範資料的結尾標示；也就是所謂的 Terminator TLV。 ㄧ般的NFC讀寫裝置在處理NFC訊息就會到此結束，也正意味其訊息的長度是根據內容本身而異，並沒有固定的長度。如果你對NDEF訊息的編寫開始感到興趣，可以從此篇繼續深入了解。

既然NDEF的紀錄長度不依，所以在此之後剩餘的記憶體是可以再加以使用的。只不過現在的NFC手機，只能對NDEF的紀錄做自動解析，除此之外就必須使用特定的傳收指令(Transceive Command)來做存取。舉個例子，如果要讀取第10頁的資料，就必須下達 [30h, 0Ah]，當TAG接收到指令後，就會一次回傳自第10頁開始的16個位元組共4頁的資料(參考下圖的 READ指令)。如果你對此有興趣，可以下載 NFC ReWriter 這個APP，在 NFC TOOLKIT 中可以使用 NfcA 的 Custom Transceive 來存取 TYPE2的 NFC標籤喔。

\"article

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